Emission Standards for Brick Kilns

Introduction

Brick production is a very large and long-established industry in India. The brick sector in India, which is not governed in a proper way or as per the guidelines of central government/state government, although, is tremendous in size. India is the second-largest brick producer in the world. Now, it is an established fact that brick industries in some parts of India are one the major contributors of air pollutants in the environment. The brick kiln industry is an established or demanding industry as the demand for bricks is increasing almost universally due to fast economic growth. Most of the brick kilns use Assam coal, Slack coal, and/or lignite which contain a high level of sulphur and high ash content, about 70 % of coal, 24% sawdust, and the remaining 6% wood, and others are used fuel by brick kilns.

Types of Brick Kilns

Hoffman Kiln
Bull’s trench kiln
Down-Draft kiln
Vertical shaft kiln

Sources of Emission

Stack Height
Fugitive Emission
1. During charging of fuel
2. Crushing of coal
3. Clay excavation
4. Loading and Unloading of Bricks
5. Laying and removal of dust/ash layer over brick setting
6. Cleaning of the bottom of trench/side flues
7. During high winds

For more details, please visit http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/Brick Kilns.PDF

In exercise of the powers conferred by section 6 and 25 of the environment (Protection) Act1986 (29 of 1986), the central government makes a rule for the Brick Kiln.

Emission Standards for Brick kilns:

S.No	Industry	Parameter		Standard
Emission Standards
1	Brick Kilns
		Bull’s Trench Kiln (BTK)
		Particulars	Category	Limiting concertation in mg/Nm³
		Particular matter	small	1000
			medium	750
			large	750
		Minimum (meter)
		Stack height	Small	22 or induced draft fan operating with minimum draft of 50 mm WG with 12-meter stack height.
			Medium	27 or included draft fan operating with a minimum draft of 50mm WG with 15-meter stack height
			large	30 or included draft fan operating with minimum draft 50 mm WG with 17-meter stack height.
			Trench width(m)	Production ( bricks/day)
		Small BTK	<4.50	Less than 15000
		Medium BTK	4.50-6.75	15000-30000
		Large BTK	Above 6.75	Above 30,000
		Down-Draft Kiln (DDK)
		*category		Limiting Concentration in mg/Nm³
		Particulate matter	Small/large/medium	1200
				Minimum (meter)
		Stack height	Small	12
			Medium	15
			Large	18
		**category		Production(bricks/day)
		DDK	small	Less than 15000
		DDK	Medium	15000-30000
		DDK	Large	Above 30000
		Vertical Shaft kiln (VSK)
		Category		Limiting Concentration in mg/Nm³
		Particular matter	Small/large/medium	250
				Minimum (meter)
		Stack height	small	11 (at least 5.5 m from loading platform)
			medium	14 (at least 7.5 m from loading Platform)
			large	16 (at least 8.5m from loading platform)
		category	Number of shifts	Production (bricks/day)
		Small VSK	1-3	Less than 15000
		Medium VSK	4-6	15000-30000
		Large VSK	7 or more	Above 30,000

For more information about Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) Click here Delhi Pollution Control Committee

For more information about State Pollution Board Click here State Pollution Board

Notes.

Gravitational Settling Chamber Along with Fixed Chimney of appropriate height shall be provided for all Bull’s Trench Kilns
One chimney per shaft in Vertical Shaft Kiln shall be provided. The two chimneys emanating from a shaft either be joined (at the Loading Platform in case of the brick chimney or at the appropriate level in case of the metal chimney) to form a single chimney.
The above standards shall be applicable for different Kilns if coal, firewood and/or agricultural residues are used as fuel

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