A solid waste treatment plant is a solid waste disposal facility that comprises multiple equipment with various sorting procedures in order to remove valuable resources from municipal solid waste. After being processed by the MSW treatment plant, the municipal solid waste can be split into different parts based on different raw materials, which can then be processed further into valuable goods by related machines. In other words, the facility has the potential to not only eliminate waste pollution and enhance the environment, but also to generate significant profits and stimulate the economy.

The term "recycling waste" refers to the process of reprocessing wastes before it is utilised to create new products. Although reprocessing techniques can have an influence on people's health and the environment, these effects are typically less severe than those associated with manufacturing a product from new, raw materials. Recycling refers to the process of treating things as valuable resources rather than as waste. It offers numerous advantages, but it is critical to have a market for the final product; otherwise, the process will not be financially sustainable.

Recycling methods vary depending on the type of waste. In a process known as pulping, for example, discarded paper can be broken down to its fibres. The pulp is cleaned before being made into fresh paper for printing or packaging purposes. Waste metals and glass can also be recycled into new raw materials by melting them down. Sheet metals can be hammered and reformed to create new items. Plastic bottles can be ground down and used to manufacture plastic rope or a plastic coating for electric wires. Some wastes require complicated technical processes and specialised technology to recycle, while others may be recycled more easily and on a smaller scale. Composting, which can be done at home or on a larger scale, can recycle all forms of organic waste.

It will cost you around 25-30 lacs to set up a solid waste recycling plant

Solid waste recycling is the greatest solution. It is the process of transforming waste into a new or usable product in order to avoid waste disposal.

The kind of waste, whether biodegradable, non-biodegradable, infectious, non-infectious, hazardous, or non-hazardous, have a big impact on how well solid waste is managed. This emphasises the need of waste sorting. Recycling will be the greatest option for biodegradable, non-infectious, non-hazardous waste, while landfilling will be the best option for biodegradable, infectious, non-hazardous waste since the wastes will breakdown and add to soil nutrients. Incineration of nondegradable, infectious, and hazardous wastes might be used, and the ash could then be reused in landfilling acidic soil or stabilising unstable lateritic soil.

Depending on their source, solid waste can be divided into the following three categories:

• Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste
• Industrial waste as hazardous waste
• Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste

Licenses required to start solid waste recycling plant:

• NOC by the State Pollution Control Board (CTE, CTO & Solid Waste Management Authorization)
• Factory License
• Trade License by CEPC
• MSME Registration
• GST Registration

The recycling process includes the following steps:

• Collection
• Processing
• Manufacturing
• Purchasing Recycled-Content Products

Major waste treatment and disposal methods are as follows:

Thermal Treatment

• Incineration 
• Gasification and Pyrolysis
• Open Burning

Dumps and Landfills

• Sanitary landfills
• Controlled dumps
• Bioreactor landfills

Biological Waste Treatment

• Composting 
• Anaerobic Digestion

Transportation of solid waste

The solid waste is transferred to the final disposal site at this stage. There are several modes of transportation that can be used, and the technique chosen is determined by local availability and the volume of waste to be transported. Transportation can be divided into three main categories:

• Open hand carts, hand carts with bins, wheelbarrows, and tricycles: Human-powered
• Donkey drowns cart: Animal powered
• Tractor and trailer, ordinary truck, tipper truck: Motorised

A landfill must be at least 500 metres away from a notified habitable location. After the landfill location is determined, a 500-meter buffer zone around the landfill boundary should be designated as a No-Development Buffer Zone.